Fistula vs. Fissure: Understanding Anal Diseases for Bihar Patients

Anal fistula and anal fissure are two very common conditions causing rectal pain and discomfort among people in Bihar, Patna, and Bihar Sharif. Many patients confuse the terms, leading to wrong self-diagnosis and delayed treatment. Here’s an easy-to-understand guide on the causes, symptoms, and solutions for each.

Feature	Anal Fistula	Anal Fissure
Definition	An abnormal tunnel (tract) connecting the anus or rectum to the outer skin, often formed by infection or abscess	A small tear or crack in the lining of the anal canal (anus), usually due to passing hard stool or constipation
Common Symptoms	Persistent pus or fluid discharge near anus; pain; swelling or lump; repeated infections	Sharp, burning pain during and after bowel movements; bright red bleeding from anus; fear of passing stool
Causes	Usually from chronic infection, untreated abscess, Crohn’s disease, TB	Injury due to constipation, passing large/hard stool, childbirth trauma, prolonged diarrhea
Location	A track usually present between inside anus and outside skin (external opening seen)	Most often seen (90%) at the midline – posterior (back) side of anus
Nature	Chronic/recurrent; does not heal with medicine alone	Acute or chronic; many heal with medicines and local care
Treatment	Surgery is usually necessary—Laser/FiLaC, fistulectomy, seton placement	Initial treatment is medicines (ointment, sitz bath), plenty of fluids; surgery (lateral internal sphincterotomy) only for non-healing cases

Why the Confusion is Dangerous

• Mistaking a fistula for a fissure may lead to using only ointments—missing the need for surgery and persistent infection risk.

• Mistaking a fissure for a fistula may cause unnecessary worry or surgery.

When to See a Specialist?

• If discharge, repeated swelling, or a persistent wound near the anus

• If pain and bleeding in stool don’t improve in 2 weeks

• If symptoms keep coming back

Ashirvad Healthcare – Patna & Bihar Sharif

• Experienced general and colorectal surgeons

• Laser, keyhole, and advanced fistula treatment

• Comprehensive anal fissure care with both non-surgical and surgical options

• Trusted service for all anal disease management in Bihar